____

details：1._______________________________________________

2._______________________________________________

3._______________________________________________

4._______________________________________________

（4）

the women’s movement has had several effects on the english language. it has created ms， a title for women comparable to

the title mr. for men. the creator of the new title

objected to the title miss and mrs. once given to women because these titles violated a woman's privacy

by indicating her marital status. the use of ms.now permits women to enjoy the same privacy that men have enjoyed

with the use of mr. second， the movement has changed the ending of many compound words from-man

to-person.for instance， the word “chairman” has been replaced in many

organization with the word “chairperson”， and the word“salesman”has become salesperson. feminists insist that the substitution of-person for-man makes the

position more suitable for members of either sex. third， the movement

is responsible for new terms.one example is male chauvinist pig， a term applied to a man who refuses to recognize the equality of

women. another example

is female chauvinist sow， a phrase used to describe a female who believes that she is

superior to males. the most

profound effect the movementhas had on the language is on the third person

singular pronoun.thirty years

ago most english instructors forced their students to se he， him， and his for the third person singular when the sex of the person

was not known. thus， students were taught to say，“everyone has his books”.today many english teachers permit

students to follow the feminist lead and use the masculine and feminine

pronouns together. therefore， constructions such as his or her

books are common. although the

women's movement may not have yet achieved all of its goals， it has made a mark on the english

language.

topic sentence：___________________________________________

details：1.______________________________________________

2.______________________________________________

3.______________________________________________

4.______________________________________________

第五单元如何写结论句

5.1结论句

第一单元曾提到，段落由三个部分组成，最后一部分就是结论句（ the

concluding sentence）。结论句通常与主题句一样包含有段落的中心思想，然而所用措辞与主题句不同。

在示范段落 1-1，主题句是： we all know that cigarette

smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems.

结论句是： it is clearly identified as

one of the chief causes of death in our society.

5.2关于写结论句的建议

1）把握主题句的关键词

例如在关于“cigarette smoking”的示范段落 1-1中，中心思想是“the health problems caused

by cigarette smoking，关键词是“health problems”。

2）总结细节，回答主题句中隐含的问题。

在上述示范段落中，隐含的问题是“what are the health

problems caused by cigarette smoking？”结论句作出的回答是 it is identified as one of the chief cause of death in our society.

3）用不同的措辞表达同一中心思想。

在上述段落中，主题句的关键词是“health problems”，而在结论句中，关键词是“causes of death”。

示范段落5-1

our neighborhood has been greatly changed. when i last visited there， about half the homes had been torn

down to make way for a superhighway. the remaining buildings were plastered with billboards and

surrounded by traffic signs and litter. now the whole neighborhood has become dirty， noisy and full of cars.

5.3示范段落分析

主题句： our neighborhood has been

changed.

主题句关键词： changed

主题句隐含的问题：“how has the neighborhood

changed？

细节： 1. a superhighway built—noisy and full of cars

2. full of

billboards， traffic

signs and litter—dirty

结论句： now the whole neighborhood has

become dirty， noisy

andfull of cars.

结论句关键词： dirty，noisy and full of cars

结论句总结了细节并回答了主题句提出的问题。

exercise 5-1

directions：read the following paragraph.find out the topic sentence and the concluding sentence， and rearrange the details so that

the paragraph will make sense.

1 in less than three years the farm

had gone to pieces.2all the windows had been broken out of the big two-story farm house.3in the front of the house the

grass was about three feet tall andthe barn yard was full of weeds instead of

pigs squealing to be fed.4there were no more cows to milk or horses to ride.5my grandmother's farm has a lot of

enjoyable memories for me，but after she died， i left home to join the army and when i returned，i was disappointed at the changes

that had taken place.6 paint was peeling off the house and the porch roof was sagging.7 lively as the place had been

before my grandmother died， it seemed to have died with her now.8this farm had once been lively with the noise of a tractor plowing

the land and a dog barking whenever someone came up to the house.

topic sentence：________supporting details：________

concluding sentence：_________

exercise 5-2

directions： read the following paragraphs and underline the topic sentence of

each. then write your

own concluding sentence to complete each paragraph.

（1）

pollution has caused three major problems in the last decade