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exercise 20-2

directions：write a paragraph on why you chose your specialty，combining the various methods you

have learned.

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exercise 20-3

directions：write a paragraph about whether weekend homework should be abolished.

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exercise 20-4

directions：write a paragraph about your favourite season.

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第二十一单元 从段落到篇章

21.1 段落和篇章

段落和篇章在长度上有明显的不同，但是它们在结构上是一致的。首先，段落是由表达其主题思想的主题句（topic sentence）或主题导句（topic introducer）引出的，而篇章中的首段也是该篇文章主题思想的导言和引言；其次，一个段落必须有若干个展开句使主题思想得以展开和充实，同样篇章的主体部分也是由几个推展或后续首段主题思想的段落组成。再者，在段落结束时有一个结尾句（concluding sentence）总结段落的主旨，篇章也同样有一个对上下文进行归纳和总结主题思想的末段。尽管不是所有的段落和篇章都具备这样的完整结构，但典型的段落和篇章在结构上是一致的。

根据上述，让我们比较一下model paragraph 21-1和model essay 21-2，后者的主题思想完全基于前者。所不同的是，model paragraph中的六个句子1，2，3，4，5，6均已被扩展成model essay中的六个段落。

model paragraph 21-1

1to be successful in a job interview，the applicant should demonstrate

certain personal and professional qualities.2in as much as the first and often lasting impression of a person isdetermined

by the clothes one wears，the job applicant should take care to appear well-groomed and

modestly dressed，avoiding the

extremes of too elaborate or too casual attire.3besides care for personal appearance，one should pay close attention to one's manner of speaking，which should be neither showy nor

too familiar but rather straightforward，grammatically accurate，and friendly.4in addition，one should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements

of the position for which one is applying in relation to one's own professional

experience and interests.5and finally，there ally impressive applicant must convey a sense of

self-confidence and enthusiasm for work，factors which all interviewers value highly.6the job seeker who displays these

characteristics，with just a

little luck，will

certainly succeed in a typical personal interview.

model essay 21-2

1to be successful in a job interview，you should demonstrate certain

personal and professional qualities.you need to create a good image in the limited time available，usually from 30 to 45 minutes.furthermore，you must make a positive impression

which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other applicants.a tall times，you should present your most

attractive qualities during an interview.

2you should，for example，take care to appear well-groomed

and modestly dressed，avoiding the extremes of too elaborate or too casual attire.on the positive side，clothes may be a good leveller，putting you on a par with other

applicants and requiring the interviewer to consider more important

qualifications.on the otherhand，clothes which are too informal may

convey the impression that you are not serious about the job or that you may be

casual about your work as well as your dress.clothes which are too elaborate，too colorful，or too expensive suggest that you do not understand what behavior is

appropriate for the job or that you are snobbish or frivolous.the right clothes worn at the right

time，however，gain the respect of the interviewer

and his confidence in your judgement.it may not be true that“clothes make the man，”but the first and often lasting impression of you is determined by

the clothes you wear.

3besides care for personal

appearance，you should

pay close attention to your manner of speaking.since speech is a reflection of personality，you should reflect confidence by

speaking in a clear voice，loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or overpowering.your speech should not call

attention to itself，but it should reveal the individuality and ability of the speaker.obviously，you must speak without grammatical

errors or dialect differences for which you might be criticised or which might

cause embrarrassment to the employer.although there are cultural differences with respect to the

formality of the job interview，your speech must show you to be a friendly and pleasant person.

4speaking without a subject worth

talking about will not impress anyone.you should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements

of the position for which you are applying in relation to yo