1 refers to .

a) greater willingness to accept social change

b) quicker adoption to changing circumstances

c) more respect for different beliefs and behavior

d) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas

25. the passage mainly discusses .

a) two different societies

b) the necessary of social change

c) different social changes

d) certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur

passage two

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

climate, more than any other single factor, determines the distributions of life on earth. climatic boundaries establish the limits within which organisms can survive.

plants, even more than animals, must be well adapted to climate in order to survive. they cannot move about or take shelter but must be equipped to endure whatever weather conditions are likely to occur.

in the harsh conditions of tundra, for example, low growing mosses, lichens, and a few flowering plants all hug the ground for shelter from icy winds.

animals, despite their ability to move about and find shelters, are just as much influenced by climate as plants are. creatures such as the camel and the penguin are so highly specialized that they have as extremely limited distribution. others, such as bears, are flexible enough to adapt to a broad range of climates. ocean-dwelling organisms are just as sensitive to climatic changes — in this case temperature and salinity（含盐量）— as land animals. reef corals can survive only in clear warm seawater. certain foraminifers are so sensitive to changes in their environment that their presence can be taken as an index of sea temperature. human beings are among the least specialized of all animals and can live almost anywhere. their clothes and their homes act as a sort of “miniature climate” that can be taken with them everywhere.

26. which of the following is neither plant nor animal?

a) tundra b) reef coral c) penguin d) camel

27. according to the passage, the tundra grow close to the ground .

a) to avoid being eaten by arctic animals

b) because fertilizer is not readily available

c) to minimize exposure to the cold

d) because unfrozen water plants are very scarce

28. according to the passage, which of the following can be found in the greatest number of different climate areas on earth?

a) reef corals b) penguins c) bears d) camels

29. it can be inferred from the passage that foraminifers (line 6, para 4) are a .

a) kind of weather pattern b) species of tundra plant

c) form of sea life d) type of miniature penguin

30. according to the passage, human beings can survive almost everywhere on earth because .

a) they have developed advanced forms of transportation

b) they have learned how to process seawater for drinking

c) their body temperature can vary considerably

d) their shelters and clothing help them to adapt to the environment

passage three

questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

one of the most widely discussed subjects these days is the energy crisis. automobile drivers cannot get gasoline, homeowners may not get enough heating oil, factories are threatened by a fuel shortage.

the crisis has raised questions about the large oil companies and windfall（意外收获）profits. critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. shortage, of course, drives prices up. as oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more and more money — windfall profits — without doing a thing to earn the extra cash.

“windfall” profits are sudden unearned profits — profits made because of luck, or some special turn of events. the word itself tells what “windfall” means — something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit blown from trees. but the word has taken on a special meaning. this meaning — getting something unearned — was first used in medieval（中世纪的）england. this is how it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of a few barons（贵族）. the rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates（领地）. they planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. not all the land, however, was used for farming. every land baron kept a large private forest for hunting deer and wild boar（野猪）. when hungry, the people sometimes would like kill the animals in the lords forest for food. and there were times when they might cut down trees for fuel. so, strong laws were passed to protect the forest and the animals. violations were severely punished. but there was one way people could get wood from t