feedback

n. a process in which the factors that produce a result are themselves modified, corrected, strengthened, etc. by that result 反馈

cybernetic

a. of, relating to, or involving cybernetics （控制论）

optimal

a. most favorable; best

optimum

n., a.

postulate

vt. assume without proof as a basis of reasoning; take for granted

notion

n. an idea, belief or opinion in one's mind; concept

fume

vi. give off vapor, gas or smoke; show anger or irritation

faction

n. a group or party within a large group 派别

evolve

v. develop gradually by a long continuous process 演化

decry

vt. express strong disapproval; cry out against

heresy

n. a belief different from the accepted belief of a church, school, profession or other group 异教；异端

sociobiologist

n. one who studies the biological basis for animal and human social behavior

antisociobiologist

n.

behold

vt. have in sight; see

astonishment

n. great surprise; amazement

astonish

vt.

imaginative

a. having or showing a strong imagination

govern

vt. direct or manage; rule; control

phrases & expressions

move ahead

go forward

plug away

work persistently

at close quarters

very near or near together

out of fashion

not popular or approved of

explain away

give a satisfactory reason for; remove objection to by means of a convincing argument

at the outset

at the beginning

on the part of

of or by (sb.)

have it (that)

maintain, assert (that)

think over

think carefully about; consider; study

capitalize on

profit by; make full use of (sth.)

in possession of

having; owing

stir up

excite; stimulate; provoke

catch on

become popular or fashionable

proper names

lewis thomas

刘易斯.托马斯

darwin

达尔文

walace

华莱士

grasse

格拉斯

lovelock

洛夫洛克

margulis

马古利斯

gaia

盖亚