所以b项他们是不是民族是最佳标题。

a. 吉普塞要想组成一个国家（民族）。这只是文章涉及到的部分内容，中欧国家想加入欧盟一事可能产生的结果。 c. 欧盟害怕它们成长。 d. 他们是一个部落。

2. a. 最可能是在7世纪从印度流浪到西方。见第1题第二注释。

b. 他们分散在世界各地。 c. 可能他们源于中欧。 d. 他们可能来自国际吉普塞人联盟。

3. d. 它们在这些国际组织，如欧盟，联合国中进行活动游说要取得一席之地。见第1题第一段，三段注释。

a. 它们游说活动欧盟和联合国接受他们的要求。太抽象。 b. 它们活动游说在国际机构取得职位。 c. 他们游说作为民族的权利。

4. c. 它害怕巴斯克人，科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族会提出同样的要求。见难句译注11。

a. 它可能会打开潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。 b. 鼓励可能会导致某些意想不到的结果。 d. 吉普塞的要求会加深欧盟分歧。 b,d两项不够明确。

5. a. 吉普塞人属于不同的，而且常常是对抗的民族的部落，还没有共同的语言和宗教信仰。

b. 他们领袖很腐败。 c. 他们潜在的团结来自被人看作是低于人类（次等人）。 d. 他们有点太讲究实效， b,c, d 三项不是主要问题。主要问题是a. 项。

passage three (method of scientific inquiry)

why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding providence?

the explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. for all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.

a failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.

the attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. for in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. facts and theories are not coordinate species. theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.

nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. a fact is a proposition of simple. a theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. to convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.

1. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is

[a]. philosophy of mathematics. [b]. the recent growth in science.

[c]. the verification of facts. [c]. methods of scientific inquiry.

2. according to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient greeks and in modern times is

[a]. the similarity between the two periods.

[b]. that it was an act of god.

[c]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.

[d]. due to the decline of the deductive method.

3. the difference between “fact” and “theory”

[a]. is that the latter needs confirmation.

[b]. rests on the simplicity of the former.

[c]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient greeks.

[d]. helps us to understand the deductive meth