inning to wither. clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves. they were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. i immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. i bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids. the tape was so stick that they did not dare to cross it. for a long time. i watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. i even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. i got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. instead, i saw that they had discovered a new route. they were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. i realized sadly that i had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. the ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!

new words and expressions 生词和短语

insect

n. 昆虫

wage

v. 进行（斗争）

contaminate

v. 弄脏

provocation

n. 惹怒

spider

n. 蜘蛛

wasp

n. 黄蜂

moth

n. 飞蛾

ant

n. 蚂蚁

revulsion

n. 厌恶

horde

n. 群

uncanny

adj. 神秘的，不可思议的

erase

v. 擦，抹去

praying mantis

螳螂

entranced

adj. 出神的

beetle

n. 甲虫

sheltered

adj. 伤不着的，无危险的

luscious

adj. 甘美的

cluster

n. 一簇

aphid

n. 蚜虫

underside

n. 底面，下侧

colony

n. 一群

sticky

adj. 粘的

scurry

v. 小步跑

swarm

v. 聚集

ingenuity

n. 机灵

参考译文

我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道（但愿如此）我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？

去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！

lesson 55

from the earth: greetings

来自地球的问候

listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

which life forms are most likely to develop on a distant planet?

recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our won milky way and in other galaxies. this is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and old not emit light. finding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult. the first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support life. in our won solar system, for example, venus is far too hot and mars is far too cold to support life. only the earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.

whether a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its star, that is its 'sun'. imagine a star up t twenty times larger, brighter, brighter and hotter than our own sun. a planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of supporting life. alternatively, if the star were small, the life-supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop. but how would we find such a planet? at present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life. the development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the twenty-first century.

it is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based telescopes. our own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope would make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets. even a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful hubble telescope, would not be suitable because of the dust particles iron solar system. a telescope would have to be as far away as the planet jupiter to look for life in outer space, because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system. once we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star, so that we would be able t